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    How to install Tor Node on Debian / Ubuntu / AlmaLinux
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    How to Host a TOR Node on Debian, Ubuntu, or AlmaLinux (Complete Guide)

    Hosting a TOR node is one of the most effective ways to support internet privacy, anonymity, and freedom. Whether you want to run a TOR relay or a TOR exit node, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know on Debian, Ubuntu, and AlmaLinux—three of the most popular Linux distributions for secure server environments.

    In this step-by-step tutorial, you’ll learn how to install TOR, configure your node, harden security, and ensure optimal performance. This guide is fully SEO-optimized to help beginners and advanced users run a TOR node safely and efficiently.

    What Is a TOR Node?

    A TOR node, also called a relay, is a server that helps route encrypted traffic across the Tor network. Nodes come in three types:

    • Guard (Entry) Node – The first hop in the TOR circuit

    • Middle Relay – Forwards encrypted traffic between nodes

    • Exit Node – The final hop before traffic reaches the open internet

    The TOR project relies on volunteers hosting these nodes to keep the network fast, safe, and decentralized.

    Prerequisites

    Before you begin hosting a TOR node on Debian, Ubuntu, or AlmaLinux, make sure you have:

    • A VPS or dedicated server (1 GB RAM minimum recommended)

    • Static public IP address

    • Basic Linux command-line knowledge

    • Open ports: 9001, 9030 (relays) or default ports for exit nodes

    • At least 10 Mbps upload speed

    How to Host a TOR Node on Debian and Ubuntu

    Debian and Ubuntu share similar package managers, making installation simple.

    Step 1: Add TOR Repository

     
    sudo apt update sudo apt install apt-transport-https -y echo "deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org $(lsb_release -sc) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tor.list curl https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

    Step 2: Install TOR and Keyring

     
    sudo apt update sudo apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring -y

    Step 3: Configure the TOR Node

    Edit the TOR configuration file:

     
    sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc

    Add the basic relay configuration:

     
    ORPort 9001 Nickname MyTorRelay ContactInfo admin@example.com RelayBandwidthRate 100 MBits RelayBandwidthBurst 200 MBits ExitRelay 0

    Set ExitRelay 0 to disable exit traffic and run a safe middle relay.

    Save and restart:

     
    sudo systemctl restart tor sudo systemctl enable tor

    How to Host a TOR Node on AlmaLinux (RHEL/CentOS-Based)

    TOR is not included by default in RHEL-based repositories, so we use EPEL.

    Step 1: Install EPEL Repository

     
    sudo dnf install epel-release -y

    Step 2: Add TOR Repository

     
    sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/tor.repo https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/rpm/el/tor.repo

    Step 3: Install TOR

     
    sudo dnf install tor -y

    Step 4: Configure TOR Relay

    Open the TOR configuration file:

     
    sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc

    Recommended configuration:

     
    ORPort 9001 Nickname AlmaTorNode ContactInfo admin@example.com ExitRelay 0 RelayBandwidthRate 50 MBits RelayBandwidthBurst 100 MBits

    Save and start TOR:

     
    sudo systemctl enable tor sudo systemctl start tor

    Firewall Configuration (All Linux Distros)

    Allow the ORPort (9001):

    ufw (Ubuntu/Debian)

     
    sudo ufw allow 9001/tcp

    firewalld (AlmaLinux)

     
    sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload

    Optimizing and Securing Your TOR Node

    1. Keep Your System Updated

     
    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

    or

     
    sudo dnf update -y

    2. Monitor TOR Status

     
    sudo systemctl status tor

    3. Check Relay Visibility

    Visit:
    https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html

    Search for your Nickname to confirm your relay is running.

    Should You Host a TOR Exit Node?

    Exit nodes carry the highest legal risk because they appear as the traffic origin. Only advanced administrators should run them after fully understanding local laws and using proper protections.

    If unsure—run a middle relay instead.

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